What Is Capacitors? There Are Different Types Of Capacitors

Capacitors are latent parts that store electrical energy in an electric field. The action of a capacitor is called capacitance. It consists of two conductors placed together and separated by an insulating material. If the board is connected to a power source, the board will accumulate charge. One plate collects positive charges and negative charges accumulate on the other. The electrical symbols for capacitors are shown below.

Different Types of Capacitors

Below are the different types of capacitors.

• Electrolytic Capacitors
• Mica Capacitors
• Paper Capacitors
• Film Capacitors
• Non-Polar Capacitors
• Ceramic Capacitors

Electrolytic Capacitors

Electrolytic Capacitors are generally used when large capacitance values ​​are required. A metal membrane is used for one electrode, while a gel or paste-like semi-liquid electrolyte solution is used for the second electrode (cathode). The insulating plate is a thin layer of oxide, developed in electrophoretic production, with a film thickness of less than ten microns. This dielectric layer is thin enough to make capacitors with very high capacitance values ​​with small physical dimensions and with a small distance between the two plates. Most types of capacitors in electrolysis are polarized, which is the DC voltage applied to the tip of the capacitor and must have the correct polarity.

If the positive electrode is connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode is connected to the negative electrode, the polarization will be incorrect, which will destroy the insulating oxide film and cause permanent damage. All polarized electrolytic capacitors have a clear polarity, the negative sign indicates the negative pole, and the polarity must be observed. Electrolytic capacitors are generally used in DC power circuits because of their large capacitance and low ripple voltage reduction. The application of these electrolytic capacitors is coupling and separation. The disadvantage of electrolytic capacitors is their relatively low voltage rating due to the polarization of electrolytic capacitors.

Mica Capacitors

This Capacitors is a combination of natural minerals, using insulating silver mica capacitors. There are two types of mica capacitors: pin capacitors and silver mica capacitors. Mounted mica capacitors are considered obsolete due to their inferior properties. Silver mica capacitors are made from a mica plate coated with metal on both sides, then epoxy is applied to this component to protect the environment. Mica capacitors are used to design relatively small, stable and reliable capacitors.

Mica capacitors are low loss capacitors used at high frequencies that are chemically, electrically and mechanically very stable due to their combination with a specific crystal structure and are typically layered. The most ordinarily utilized are muscovite and phlogopite. Muscovite is better in electrical properties, other mica has high temperature resistance.

Paper Capacitors

Paper Capacitors are made between two sheets of tin foil, separated from the paper, or oiled and thinly waxed paper. Then the sandwich consisting of thin foil and paper is rolled into a cylindrical shape, and then placed in a plastic capsule. The thin film of a paper capacitor is connected to an external load. In the original capacitors, if paper was used between the chips of the capacitor, but now other materials such as plastic are used, so it is called a paper capacitor. Paper capacitors have capacitances from 0.001 to 2,000 microfarads at very high voltages up to 2000 volts.

Film Capacitors

Film Capacitors are also capacitors, they use thin plastic as the dielectric. Ultra Thin Film Capacitors are manufactured using a precise film extrusion process. If the film is made, it may be metallized, depending on the properties of the capacitor. To protect against environmental factors, electrodes were added and assembled.

There are different types of film capacitors available such as polyester film, metallized film, polypropylene film, PTE film and polystyrene film. The main difference between these types of capacitors is the materials used as dielectric and dielectric, which must be correctly selected based on their characteristics. Film capacitors are stable, low inductance and low cost applications. PTE film capacitors are heat resistant resistors used in aerospace and military technology. Metallized polyester film capacitors are used in applications requiring relatively low long-term stability.

Non-Polarized Capacitors

Non-polar Capacitors are divided into two categories: plastic film capacitors and electrolytic non-polar capacitors. Plastic foil capacitors are inherently nonpolar, while electrolytic capacitors are usually two series, series capacitors, so the result is a nonpolar half cap. Non-polar capacitors are required for series or parallel AC applications to the signal or power supply.

Also Read: Basic Knowledge Of Power Capacitors In Pakistan

Ceramic Capacitors

Ceramic Capacitors are capacitors that use a ceramic material as an electrical dielectric. Ceramic was one of the first materials used in the production of capacitors as insulators. Many geometries are used in ceramic capacitors, some are ceramic tube capacitors, and diaphragm capacitors are obsolete due to their size, parasitic, or electrical properties. Two common types of ceramic capacitors are multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) and disc ceramic capacitors. Multilayer ceramic capacitors are manufactured by surface mount (SMD) technology and are small in size, so they are widely used. The value of ceramic capacitors is usually between 1nF and 1°F, and can be as high as 100°F.Ceramic disc capacitors are manufactured by coating both sides of the ceramic disc with silver contacts, and to achieve greater capacitance, these devices are made of multiple layers. Ceramic capacitors will have a high frequency response due to parasitic effects such as resistance and inductance.